CELTIC MUSIC - FLUTE ( flauta celta )

Some amazing music with flute from the North...Did you know that the Irish flutes have just the six holes and no keywork. Irish flutes with more (and more!) holes and/or with keywork are available, as well: adding up to 10 holes makes it possible to play some Celtic music parts written for violin without changing the key. Generally, Irish flutes come in one key, D (sounding the same pitches as the low-D whistle) but since they can easily produce 2-1/2 or more octaves of notes, many different instruments aren't necessary.

CELTIC MITOLOGY: Origin of the Faeries

Each week, we are going to have a brief summary of one or two  mythical creatures or SPIRITS FROM THE WOOD  that were very important for the Celtic traditions. Just to have a clue of the thousend of magic that is

Fairy comes from the Old French word faerie. The word has been overused to describe a supernatural being. There is a great deal of difference in classifying a being as a fairy from the medieval literature and those from modern literature, especially those belonging to the Celtic tradition.

There are other traditions such as that found in English, German and Slavic folklores.

Today, when we think of fairies, we often visualise them as tiny, supernatural beings with wings and glowing with uncommon light in today's children fairy tales. And they also possessed some sorts of strange magical powers, like Tinklebell in the story of Peter Pan or the Fairy Godmother in Cinderella. The modern fairies, between the 18th and 20th century, comes from oral tradition before they were transmitted into writing.

The fairies are supernatural beings that can be best described by the Greek word - daimon, which means "spirit". They are not divinity, ie. god or goddess, in the usual sense of the word, and yet they are not mere mortal; often, it is easier to classify them as minor divinity.

To understand what they are, we should look at some of those found in Celtic mythology and other Celtic traditions. But, then you would discover that fairies are not just confined in Celtic traditions. Many cultures and civilizations have their own versions of fairies.

There are enough kinds of fairies to confuse anyone, because sometimes writers have associated one fairy with a different kind.

In Celtic religion, there was Celtic deities in Gaul (France and Belgium), Hispania (Spain) and Britannia (Britain) during the Roman occupation of these regions or provinces. But the situation changed when Christianity spread to the west and north. These deities that were worshipped before the conversion to Christianity were reduced to the status of fairies in Celtic mythology and folklore.

So in Ireland the gods in the Tuatha De Danann were degenerated to the roles of fairies (eg. Dagda and Lugh), people living under the dune mound or fabled islands, or even within underwater domains. Similar degeneration occurred with old deities in Wales, Scotland and other surviving pockets of Celtic kingdoms (such as Cornwall, Brittany and island of Man).

These earlier Celtic traditions of fairies, the former Irish or Welsh deities were also not fairies in the usual sense. They looked very much like human, in size and shape, except that they have special magical powers and they seemed eternally young, but they don't have wings. The Dananns or their Welsh counterparts were usually seen as race of fair people. They can die just as mortals can, but their lives could last hundreds or even thousands of years.

The problem is that sometimes, the Christian authors have also turned them into beings serving the Devil, and that the fairies were actually demons. However this view is no longer shared, today.

These medieval fairies are different from the common folklore and fairy tales of today. The Tuatha de Danann is nothing like the brownie, leprechaun and goblin of these later traditions.

FAIRY OF TODAY- BANSHEE

Originally in Irish literature, banshee actually means "woman of fairy mound" or just simply as "fairy woman". Ban or bean meaning "woman". The various spelling or pronounciation of the word for fairy mound referred to the Otherworldly realm, which the Irish referred to as shee, sid, sidh orsidhe.

The word banshee may have originated from East Munster, and there are many ways it can be spelt. In Irish Gaelic it could be spelt as banshie, bean sidhe and ben side. The Scottish words are ban-sith, bean-shith and bean sith. The Manx form is ben shee.

It was only in later Irish and Scottish Gaelic folklore traditions that banshee came to mean a female wraith or spirit, whose keening presages the death of person's in the household. This banshee was tied to a person or family, sort of like an attendant fairy.

She only foretells the pending death of a person. Unlike the Breton fairy woman korrigan

, the banshee doesn't cause a person's death with her power or curse. Related to the banshee is the Washer or Washer-woman at the Ford, known in Scottish folklore as bean sighe  

According to the Irish poet Yeats, banshee was sometimes accompanied by the Dullahan a headless fairy coachman. It is also sometimes believed that on these occasion, the banshee is also headless. It has been reported in 1807 that one headless banshee had frightened to death two sentries stationed at James' Park.

The banshee was sometimes seen as a young, fair woman, especially in Irish texts, while other sources from Scottish tradition described her as an old hag. Her description varied. What is common in both traditions was that banshee had long, unbound hair, and dressed in white, though, sometimes she was seen dressed in a grey cloak over a green dress. Another common tradition is that she can be heard weeping or wailing, that sounds like the keening of mourners. And because of continuous weeping, her eyes were red in colour.

CELTIC CALENDAR

To the Celts, time was circular rather than linear. This is reflected in their commencing each day, and each festival, at dusk rather than dawn, a custom comparable with that of the Jewish Sabbath. It is also reflected in their year beginning with the festival of Samhain on 31 October, when nature appears to be dying down. Tellingly, the first month of the Celtic year is Samonios, ‘Seed Fall’: in other words, from death and darkness springs life and light. 

The earliest-known Celtic calendar is the Coligny calendar, now in the Palais des Arts, Lyon. It dates probably from the 1st century BCE, and is made up of bronze fragments, once a single huge plate. It is inscribed with Latin characters, but in Gaulish. It begins each month with the full moon, and covers a 30-year cycle comprising five cycles of 62 lunar months, and one of 61. It divides each month into fortnights rather than weeks, with days designated - from observation - as MAT (good) or ANM (not good). Each year is divided into thirteen months.

The lunar months given on the Coligny calendar are as follows. The translations are based on those of Caitlin Matthews:

 

The Coligny calendar achieves a complex synchronization of the solar and lunar months. Whether it does this for philosophical or practical reasons, it points to considerable sophistication.

Lost Treasures Of The Ancient World - The Celts 2

This is the second part of the Documentary about "The Celts" as I promess before I hope you enjoy it!!!

Where is the Seventh Celtic nation?

An interesting slideshow from bbc. Uk. You must see it!! 

http://www.bbc.com/travel/slideshow/20131203-where-is-the-seventh-celtic-nation 

¿WHY DRUIDRY WAS IMPORTANT TO CELTIC PEOPLE?

After reading a couple of things about history I discovered that CELTS believed in “Druidry” which was a mystic type of “religion” and it represented a big part of society durinf that time. It was really interesting and I hope you can enjoy it as much I did.

From:http://www.brendanmyers.net/wickedrabbit/index.phpoption=com_content&view=article&id=9 

Druidry is a spiritual tradition which emphasizes the sacredness of our social relations, philosophical knowledge, artistic creativity, and especially the Earth and all of its wonders. Emerging from the culture of the Celtic people from the Heroic age, and from various Celtic revival movements in the eighteenth and twentieth century, modern Druidry honours the old Celtic gods, and finds spiritual merit in Celtic folk traditions, music, poetry, and environmentalism. Its moral teachings promote a "heroic" way of life based on the virtues of courage, honour, generosity, friendship, and truth.

Historical origins 

Druidry begins with the history of the Irish, Scots, Welsh, the Gauls, and other Celtic people of the Heroic Age (from the beginning of the Bronze Age until the end of the Iron Age). Theirs was a warrior culture, politically divided into hundreds of independant tribes, but with broadly similar languages, religious customs, and social organizations. The Druid was a member of the religious and intellectual caste of the Celtic people, responsible for education, justice, law, and various religious rituals.

Drombeg stone circle

Thus there is no single person who modern Druids look to as the founder of the tradition.

Similarly, as very few written records survive from this period, there is nothing like an ancient Druidic sacred text. Yet much of the history and social values of the Celts were recorded by Greek and Roman observers, and Celtic mythology was generously recorded for posterity by early Celtic Christian monks. In this early literature we find the most important stories of the gods, heroes, and predecessors which contemporary Druids honour as teachers and role-models. Although these texts are not treated as sources of absolute dogmatic authority, they certainly are treated as sources of important spiritual and culturalinspiration.

Between the sixth and tenth centuries, most Celtic people converted to Christianity, and the "old ways" dwindled into folklore. Yet Druidry has been revived several times and in various ways over the last three hundred years. The first major revival began in eighteenth century Britain, when certain English antiquarians, Protestant clergymen, and a few Freemasons began to study the stone circles and artificial hills and other ancient monuments of the British landscape. They believed that those monuments were built by Celts as temples for the Druidic religion. They also believed that the builders knew something about God, and were expressing that knowledge in the alignments, proportions, and architectural designs of their monuments. We now know that they were built by a Neolithic people, who pre-dated the Celts by many centuries. However, this first revival introduced ideas which remain influential in modern Druidry, such as the spiritual significance of history, folklore, landscapes, and the natural world. Druids today continue to be inspired by these monuments, and often use them for ceremony and other religious purposes. Indeed such monuments, and the landscapes that surround them, are often treated by today's Druids as the "text" in which one may "read" the presence of the divine.

Druidic Ideas
Some of the major teachings of modern Druidry include:

The Fire in the Head. This is the name that contemporary Druids use for the experience of being magically "inspired". Someone who experiences this fire may become very artistically productive, or strongly motivated to do something of great worth and merit.

The Immortality of the Soul. Historians from Greece and Rome observed that the Iron-age Celts believed that their souls are immortal, and survive death. Some accounts suggested that the soul passes into the Otherworld, and lives out another life; other accounts suggest that the Druidic teaching was similar to that of the Pythagoreans, who held that the soul changes into other forms of life. In any case, it is clear that the Druids encouraged this belief, as it made the warriors fearless in battle.

The Otherword. As many of the legends and mythologies attest, ancient Celts believed that there is another world beyond the mortal realm in which we presently dwell, which is home to the souls of the dead, and to the most powerful and important of the gods. Mythology places the "location" of the Otherworld in the sky, beneath the surface of the earth but accessible in passage mounds and wells, and also on a chain of islands in the Atlantic. Some parts of the Otherworld have their own names, such as "Tir na nog", (Land of Youth), or "Caer Arianrhod" (the Castle of Arianrhod).

The Wheel of the Year. Contemporary Druidry's calendar has eight annual festivals: the summer and winter solstice, the spring and fall equinox, and four "cross quarter" days associated with farming and agriculture. The festival "wheel" begins at Samhain (1st November), and each festival is roughly six weeks apart.

The Sacred Truth. This principle, derived from the Wisdom Teachings of Ireland and other literary sources, is the name Druids use for the spiritual dimension of certain social principles, especially justice. The Sacred Truth is like a force at work in the world, such that the person who lives in accord with it finds that her life goes well, and the person who lives contrary to it finds her life difficult and frustrating.

Environmentalism. The old Celtic gods were said to dwell within landscapes, "beneath the hollow hills", under the surface of lakes and rivers, and in the sun and moon. Indeed certain kinds of weather, especially fog and mist, were said to hide the movements of the gods and also grant a seeker passage into their otherworldly realm. It is also known that the ancient Druids located their most important sacred places in remote places, especially forest groves. Because of these associations, the modern-day revival of Druidry is also strongly related to certain cultural movements of the twentieth century, especially including the care and protection of the environment.

Lost Treasures Of The Ancient World - The Celts 1

This is the first part of a brief documentary that explains a historical point of view about the Celtic people. Later, I will put the second part..Enjoy it!

TIME LINE !!!

Here, in this link: http://www.unc.edu/celtic/mapsindex.html I found a time line whichs explains, the developement since the celtic culture appear in Europe at the "Hallstat Period" B.C. It is really nice and after reading you can have an idea of how important the Celtic people were.

Geographical Ubication

The Celtic culture is one that has touched the hearts of most nations. They were touched either by war, through trade and/or artistic beauty.

A small example of these cultures would be: Britain, Ireland, Scotland, Wales, France (i.e. Gaul), Luxembourg, Belgium, Switzerland, Austria, the Czech and Slovak Republics, Spain, Italy, Greece, Turkey, Egypt, the Netherlands, Germany, Poland, Russia and the United States. 

Even the map is in spanish, there are some registers that explain the expansion of Celtic people in Europe. The Celts first known homeland was actually in Central Asia - East and West Turkestan, which is N/NW of Tibet. Celtic remains, relics and burial sites have been found by British Archaeological expeditions dating back to the 1920's and still continuing today (with the permission of the Chinese governement). 

Also, the Celts of Central and Eastern Europe were mixed Alpine, Nordic, Dinaric proper, Noric (Northern Dinaric), Mediterranean (in the Balkan Peninsula) Borreby-Nordic and other. The Celts who settled in Asia Minor (Galatians) came from the valleys of the Danube and the Rhine. The Nordic Celts were very few in the Danube area, were found to some extent on the banks of the Rhine and formed the majority of the Celtic population only at the mouth of the Rhine, on the North Sea coast. Overall in the mentioned areas, the Alpine type seemed to be the most common, coexisting with several others. while the Nordics (proper, Borreby, Brünn, Falo-Dalisch and other) consisted a rather limited portion of the total Celtic population (more than 10.000.000 around 200BC). The only Celtic areas where the Alpine type was not the most common, were the lands of the Celtiberians and Lusitanians, Gallic Thrace (Tylis) and the British Islands, where the Meds and the Atlanto-Meds have been the commonest type.

WHY?

I'm really interested in the origen, history and culture of  Celtic people, that is the main reason I decided to choose this topic as the center of my blog and I'm going to present some celtic facts, mithology, art, science, traditions and more.... hope you enjoy it! 

Note: The celtics had NO written language, according to all historical registers and information. Therefore, all history, laws, knowledge etc. Had to be memorized and transmited verbally from one generation to the next. The "barbs" would then recite that knowledge back to the clan as required.